浅谈预防农村基层干部职务犯罪措施的完善
罗锦锋
近年来,农村基层组织人员犯罪的现象呈现增长趋势,针对农村基层组织人员职务犯罪的现状和特点,笔者建议在农村开展职务犯罪预防活动,努力构建起农村职务犯罪预防网络,为巩固基层组织政权、维护新农村建设服务,以实际行动贯彻落实党的中心工作。
1、确定重点对象,开展职务犯罪预防。村支书、村主任、村会计是农村职务犯罪的高发群体,把握重点,开展对“三类人员”的犯罪预防尤为必要。目前,村委书记、主任“一肩挑”的现象比较多。所以,要将这样的村干部作为首批预防的对象,进行重点预防。另外,对于拟任两委职务的“三类人员”,应关口前移、提前预防,建议乡镇纪检部门协助党委对其进行廉政资格审查,确保选出群众满意的村干部。
2、送法下乡,建立职务犯罪预防集中教育培训制度。每年对农村基层干部进行两次集中教育培训,采取多种形式对他们进行廉政教育和法制培训。一是聘请法律专家进行法律知识讲座;二是组织办案能手结合办案以案释法,以典型案例进行警示教育;三是播放警示教育专题片,以生动的音像资料等进行教育;四是邀请学者讲授新农村的基层政权建设理论。通过集中学习培训,一方面使村干部牢记党的宗旨,一心为民服务;另一方面,要使他们树立法制观念,规范自己的言行,严格依法办事,提高村干部依法行使权利的自觉性。
3、送书下乡,为基层干部提供实用的法律书籍。为扎实开展预防农村干部职务犯罪活动,法律书籍应该包括党的方针政策、刑事法律、法规,还有经济、民事、行政方面的内容和规定。
4、开展下乡接访活动。组织干警深入乡村开展法律咨询服务,接待受理群众的来访和举报。把职务犯罪预防、法律咨询服务、接待群众来访有机结合起来,引导群众正确行使举报权利,积极同职务犯罪作斗争。对构成犯罪的依法立案查处,对确有过错和不需要追究刑事责任的,建议乡镇纪检部门对其进行警诫教育谈话,指出其工作中存在的问题,提出要求,促其纠正,必要时,向乡镇党委提出调整建议。
5、建立预防职务犯罪联络员制度,构建农村职务犯罪预防网络。为使预防职务犯罪工作经常化、制度化,可以建立预防职务犯罪联络员制度,指定专人负责对乡镇、办事处涉及村级组织的建设项目的设立、专项资金的管理使用、规章制度的制定等提出法律意见和建议,为乡镇党委、政府依法行政服务。与乡镇党委建立预防基层干部职务犯罪联系机制,联络员每季度要到负责联系的乡镇进行一次走访调查,了解基层干部廉政信息,提出职务犯罪预防建议,每年年底应向本院及该乡镇提交职务犯罪预防报告。通过以上措施,构建起以乡镇为支点、以联络员为杠杆、以村委为受力点的三点联动预防网络。
6、建立农村职务犯罪专项预防制度。把在商业领域开展犯罪预防的成功经验和做法向农村和农业领域延伸,对涉及救灾扶贫资金、社会公益资金、国有土地管理资金、土地征用补偿费的使用和管理,以及代缴税款、计划生育、户籍、征兵等领域和环节,通过预防调查、司法建议、跟踪监督等形式开展专项预防活动,做到热点项目提前预防、重点领域重点预防。
(荔浦县人民法院 罗锦锋 13788231582)
中外合资经营企业合营期限暂行规定(附英文)
对外贸易经济合作部
中外合资经营企业合营期限暂行规定(附英文)
一九九○年九月三十日国务院批准、一九九○年十月二十二日经贸部发布
规定
第一条 根据《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法》(一九九○年四月四日第七届全国人民代表大会第三次会议修正)第十二条的规定,制定本规定。
第二条 举办中外合资经营企业(以下简称合营企业),属于国家规定鼓励和允许投资项目的,除本规定第三条另有规定外,合营各方可以在合同中约定合营期限,也可以不约定合营期限。
第三条 举办合营企业,属于下列行业或者情况的,合营各方应当依照国家有关法律、法规的规定,在合营合同中约定合营期限:
(一) 服务性行业的,如饭店、公寓、写字楼、娱乐、饮食、出租汽车、彩扩洗像、维修、咨询等;
(二) 从事土地开发及经营房地产的;
(三) 从事资源勘查开发的;
(四) 国家规定限制投资项目的;
(五) 国家其他法律、法规规定需要约定合营期限的。
第四条 合营各方在合营合同中不约定合营期限的合营企业,按照国家规定的审批权限和程序审批。除对外经济贸易部直接审批的外,其他审批机关应当在批准后三十天内报对外经济贸易部备案。
第五条 合营各方在合营合同中不约定合营期限的合营企业,经税务机关批准,可以按照国家有关税收的规定享受减税、免税优惠待遇。如实际经营期未达到国家有关税收优惠规定的年限,应当依法补缴已经减免的税款。
第六条 在本规定施行之前已经批准设立的合营企业,按照批准的合营合同约定的期限执行,但属本规定第三条规定以外的合营企业,合营各方一致同意将合营合同中合营期限条款修改为不约定合营期限的,合营各方应当申报理由,签订修改合营合同的协议,并提出申请,报原审批机关审查。
原审批机关应当自接到上述申请文件之日起九十天内决定批准或者不批准。批准后,按照本规定第四条的规定办理备案手续。
第七条 本规定自发布之日起施行。
INTERIM PROVISIONS CONCERNING CONTRACT PERIOD OF CHINESE-FOREIGNEQUITY JOINT VENTURES
(Approved by the State Council on September 30, 1990 and promul-gated by the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade of thePeople's Republic of China on October 22, 1990)
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
INTERIM PROVISIONS CONCERNING CONTRACT PERIOD OF CHINESE-FOREIGN
EQUITY JOINT VENTURES
(Approved by the State Council on September 30, 1990 and promul-
gated by the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade of the
People's Republic of China on October 22, 1990)
Article 1
These Provisions are formulated in accordance with the provisions of
Article 12 of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign
Equity Joint Ventures (Amended at the Third Session of the Seventh
National People's Congress on April 4, 1990).
Article 2
As regards the establishment of Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures
(hereinafter referred to as joint ventures), the parties to a joint
venture which is engaged in investment projects encouraged and permitted
by the Chinese government, except as stipulated in Article 3 of these
Provisions, may decide, through consultation, to or not to prescribe a
contract period in the contract.
Article 3
As regards the establishment of joint ventures, the parties to a joint
venture, which falls under one of the following lines of business or one
of the following circumstances, shall prescribe in their contract, through
consultation, a contract period in accordance with the provisions of the
relevant laws and regulations of the state:
(1) service trades, such as hotels, apartments, office buildings,
recreation and entertainment, catering trade, taxi service, development
and printing of colour films and photos, maintenance, business
consultancy, etc.;
(2) joint ventures engaged in land development and real estate;
(3) joint ventures engaged in the prospecting and development of natural
resources;
(4) joint ventures engaged in projects subject to investment restriction
as stipulated by the state;
(5) joint ventures for which a contract period shall be decided, through
consultation, as prescribed by other laws and regulations of the state.
Article 4
Joint ventures, the parties to which decide, through consultation, not to
prescribe a contract period in their contract, shall be examined and
approved in accordance with the state regulations concerning the limits of
powers and procedures for examination and approval. With the exception of
those joint ventures to be directly examined and approved by the Ministry
of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade, other examining and approving
authorities shall, report within 30 days, any such applications they have
examined and approved to the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and
Trade for the record.
Article 5
Joint ventures, the parties to which decide, through consultation, not to
prescribe a contract period in their contract, may enjoy the preferential
treatment of reduction of or exemption from taxes in accordance with the
state provisions concerning taxation and with the approval of the tax
authorities. In cases where the actual term of operation of these joint
ventures fails to reach the number of years set by the state for enjoying
the preferential treatment of taxation, the joint ventures concerned
shall, according to law, pay the taxes which have been exempted or
reduced.
Article 6
Joint ventures, whose establishment was approved before these provisions
become effective, shall operate in accordance with the approved contract
period stipulated in the contract. However, as regards a joint venture
which does not come under one of the circumstances specified in Article 3
of these Provisions, in the event that the parties to the joint venture
agree unanimously to modify the stipulation in the contract concerning the
contract period, and to re-stipulate the joint venture as one without
contract period, the parties to the joint venture shall submit a report to
justify such a modification, sign an agreement on the modification of the
contract, and apply to the original examining and approving authorities
for examination and approval. The original examining and approving
authorities shall, within 90 days as of the date of receipt of the said
application, decide to approve or disapprove it. After obtaining the
approval, the joint venture shall, in accordance with the stipulations of
Article 4 of these Provisions, go through the procedures for the record.
Article 7
These Provisions shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.